Mood disorder - Hormone Health Center

Mood disorders are a category of mental illnesses characterized by intense, persistent shifts in mood and energy levels that significantly impact daily life. The two main types are depressive disorders and bipolar disorders. Depressive disorders involve long-lasting feelings of intense sadness, hopelessness, and disinterest in normal activities. There are several types:

• Major depressive disorder: Severe, persistent depression with loss of interest, reduced energy, changes in sleep/appetite/weight, difficulty concentrating, feelings of worthlessness. May include suicidal thoughts.
• Persistent depressive disorder: Chronic, low-grade depression lasting over 2 years with less severe symptoms than major depression.
• Seasonal affective disorder (SAD): Depression during winter months, with symptoms improving in spring/summer. Believed to be related to lack of natural sunlight.

Bipolar disorders involve shifts between high and low mood episodes. Types include:

• Bipolar I: Intense mood swings between severe manic highs (elevated mood, energy, risky behavior) and depressive lows.
• Bipolar II: Less extreme highs ("hypomanic" episodes) alternating with depression.
• Cyclothymic disorder: Chronic, less severe mood shifts that don't reach full bipolar levels.

Causes involve a complex mix of genetics, brain chemistry/structure, hormones, and environmental factors. Imbalances in neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine play a role. Stress and traumatic events can trigger episodes. Treatments may include:

• Medications - Antidepressants, mood stabilizers, antipsychotics
• Psychotherapy - Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), interpersonal therapy
• Lifestyle changes - Regular sleep, exercise, healthy diet, stress management
• Brain stimulation therapies - Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), repetitive TMS

In summary, mood disorders severely disrupt emotions, energy, motivation and daily functioning. But various evidence-based treatments can help manage symptoms. Catching and addressing mood disorders early is important for quality of life. If you have any other questions, please contact Hormone Health Center.